THE ISCOWP NEWS Volume 9 Issue
1
Grazing the
Fresh Grass

As we began to write this newsletter, snow fell on the
pastures and the thought of Spring was far away. Now, as this newsletter is
about to be mailed to you, fresh grass is growing and the cows and oxen are
grazing enthusiastically. The grass is short, but such a delight after the snow
and ice. This change took place only within a week or two, but at this time of
the year the seasons change dramatically.
Spring means grazing and planting time. In this issue we
have provided some sources in the Letter section for "heirloom" or
"heritage" seeds (non-hybrid seeds used historically in sustainable,
locally viable systems). We do recommend their use to get your garden planting
off to a good start. Of course if you have some oxen handy you can prepare your
garden site with ox-power.
Rejuvenation is the key word for spring, and as we review
the activities of the past year, the plans for this year begin. ISCOWP is now
entering its ninth year. We ask for your good wishes and participation to make
this year as productive and progressive as the last eight. Thank you.
Inside This Issue
Letters
The
Transcendental Cows, Seeds, Open-Pollinated
Seed Sources, Sacred
Cows Are Wily Too; Just Try Catching One, Animal
Traction Contacts
Evaluation of
Fiscal Year 98
Thank
you for Contributing During the Fiscal Year 1998
ISCOWP Update
The
Village System of Cow Protection
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Back Issues Page

Letters
The Transcendental
Cows
From: COM: Jaya Jagannatha (das) PDA (Eugene, OR - USA) Jaya.Jaganatha.PDA@com.bbt.se
Subject: The Transcendental Cows
Date: Wednesday, March 24. 1999 6:20 PM
Krsna had one cow he named Mrdanga-Mukhi ... Balarama das
writes back. I offer this transcendental description of cows from Krsna's
pastimes to make up for the less transcendental stuff I come up with...
In the Srimad Bhagavatam 10.35.21. Purport by Srila Prabhupada..Srila Jiva
Goswami explains that in the afternoon Sri Krsna dressed Himself in new clothing
and then went out to call the cows home.
Srila Visvanatha Cakravarti gives the following information about the
transcendental cows of Vrindavana: For each of the four colors of cows - white,
red, black and yellow there are twenty five subdivisions, making a total of one
hundred colors. And such qualities as being colored like sandalwood-pulp tilaka
(speckled), or having a head shaped like a mrdanga drum created eight further
groups. To count these 108 groups of cows, distinguished by color and form,
Krsna is using a string of 108 jewel-beads... (gems)
....... Those in the group with tilak marks on their foreheads are called
Citrita, Citra-tilaka. Dirgha-tilaka and Tiryak-tilaka, and there are groups
known as Mrdanga-mukhi (having a head shaped like a mrdanga drum), Simha-mukhi
(lion head) and so on.
"Thus being called by name, the cows are coming forward, and Krsna,
thinking that when it is time to bring them back from the forest none should be
forgotten, is counting them on His jewel-beads."
In S. B. 10.19.7.. it says..
The Supreme Personality of Godhead called out to the animals in a voice that
resounded like a rumbling cloud. Hearing the sound of their own names, the cows
were overjoyed and called out to the Lord in reply.
I am sending this to illustrate how Krsna protects his cows (go-dhanams-herds of
cows) by always counting and calling out their names. It describes Krsna's
evening pastime so nicely and is a purely Krsna conscious way of looking at our
mothers.
ys jjd
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Seeds
From: Radha.Krsna.ACBSP@com.bbt.se
Subject: Re: au!
Date: Wednesday, March 03, 1999 5:14 PM
In the UK and available for Europe also is the Henry
Doubleday Heritage Seed Library, of which I am a member, so people here can
order through me. It has over 700 varieties and their aim is to make available
to farmers and growers the outlawed varieties that are not dependant on
pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
They say: Vegetable seeds did not always come in glossy packets. Gardeners used
to save seeds themselves keeping the best varieties from year to year, giving
them to other gardeners, and passing them on from generation to generation. It
is a practice that has almost died out.
Radha Krsna das U.K.
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From: Samba.SDG@com.bbt.se
Subject: Heirloom seeds Illegal?
I was pondering the reason for the illegality of Heirloom
seeds, when I read an article about the power of multinational companies.
Apparently there are about 40,000 powerful multinational companies worldwide.
Many of these companies spent more on local investment than many national
governments can afford.
Many politicians actively court these multinationals to invest in their
countries, which the politicians use as political fodder (the creation of jobs
in their areas etc) for their ongoing power struggle. But this comes at a price.
The multinationals secure policy changes from these politicians to ensure their
market goals are reached.
Seed companies develop engineered strains of seeds which give good yields, and
are hardy. Just recently there was an article describing a new gene sequencing
seed which, after having grown into a plant, self destructs the seeds of that
plant, so that they will not reproduce (good for profits).
Many environmentalists are disturbed by this due to the danger of cross
pollination effectively endangering wild species. Anyway I am digressing here.
It is not in the interest of these powerful multinational seed companies to have
high yielding natural varieties of heirloom seeds available on the market,
because these cannot be patented, and therefore profits will be reduced as one
does not leave to buy them from the company.
Probably many of you are aware that out of the thousands of species of grains,
vegetables and others, only a handful of species are currently marketed in the
world nowadays, and this is under the control of the multinationals. Some say
that in a few years these multinationals will have wiped out natural varieties,
and will own all the patents to all food species. If this came about, they could
effectively rule the world, as the entire food supply would be owned by them.
Scary, no?
Bear in mind that many of these multinationals are actually combined companies
dealing in many different business areas, not just food production, so once then
have us by the neck with food they can then implement whatever ecological
unsound, and environmentally damaging yet highly profitable enterprises they
wish, with full governmental support. The only hedge against this is a few
environmentally minded people who are prepared to make a noise about it.
Fortunately this group is growing, but the multinationals are formidable foes,
and are not past the odd termination if profits get too threatened.
This is going on very quietly and it is only occasionally that their devious
plans leak out. Seems to me that an alternative society of people with sound
philosophical answers with practical solutions to ecological problems is needed.
A people who live simply and widely propagate heirloom species, for the health
of all.
Prabhupada's vision is the answer.
Varnasrama anyone?
Now, regarding the heirloom seeds and the reason for them being banned, this is
my speculation. Are there other reasons for their control, does anyone know?
YS Samba das
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Open-Pollinated
Seed Sources
From: Hare.Krsna.dasi@com.bbt.se
Subject: Open-Pollinated Seed Sources
Date: Sunday, February 21, 1999 11:44 AM
Here is some brief information on open pollinated seed
sources. This list comes from a full-length article in the Winter 1998 edition
of "People, Places & Plants: The Gardening Magazine for Maine." www.maine.com/ppandp/
(You will see a number of northern suppliers here.) The article is called
"Heirloom Seed Sources" by Amy LeBlanc. I have been meaning to type up
the whole thing, but I don't really have time. So here is a basic list. Ms.
LeBlanc has listed some of the seeds as her "favorites."
Many of these companies sell both hybrid and open-pollinated varieties. (I
believe that the heirloom varieties are nearly all open-pollinated.) Most of
these companies also have a fax number and additional information. If you are
interested in any particular company but can't use the web to reach them,
contact me and I will look up the information. Please keep in mind that
sometimes it is best to purchase from suppliers in a climate zone similar to
yours so that seeds sprout and mature at an appropriate time of year. A few
non-US sources are listed near the end.
BIG COMPANIES
W. Atlee Burpee Co.
Warminster PA
1-800-888-1447
www.burpee.com
Free catalog Est. 1876
Burpee Heirlooms *favorite*
(same as above)
"In response to the growing interest in heirloom vegetable and flower
varieties, Burpee introduced a separate heirloom catalogue in 1997. This
beautiful full-color booklet features photos from old Burpee catalogs and
offers a nice selection of old varieties of flowers and vegetables. Many of
these varieties were originally introduced by Burpee but have not been offered
for sale for decades!
Park Seed Co.
Greenwood SC
1-800-845-3369
www.parkseed.com
Free catalog Est. 1868
Totally Tomatoes Augusta GA
1-803-663-0016
Free catalog
MEDIUM COMPANIES
Bountiful Gardens Willits CA
1-707-459-6410
bountiful@zapeom.net
Free catalog
The Cook's Garden Hodges SC
1-800-457-9703
www.cooksgarden.com
Free catalog
FEDCO *favorite*
Waterville NE
1-207-873-7333
Free catalog
"FEDCO is a vibrant customer-and employee-owned cooperative that offers
vegetable, herb, and flower seeds, spring and fall-planted bulbs, fruit trees,
tubers, perennials, tools, books, and soil amendments and green manure for
organic growers. FEDCO offers low prices and encourages cooperative orders for
bulk discounts. Varieties are selected for suitability to Northeast growing
conditions. There is a full range of hybrid, open-pollinated and heirloom
seed, no treaded seed, and the catalogue makes such a great read, it's worth
sending for it for that reason alone!"
J.L. Hudson, Seedsman *favorite*
Box 1058, Redwood City CA 94064
Free catalog
"J.L. makes no attempt to be "contemporary," and every order is
filled personally, the old-fashioned way. I've asked him some
"picky" cultural questions and received prompt hand-written answers.
"
Johnny's Selected Seeds
Albion ME
1-207-437-4301
www.johnnyseeds.com
Free catalog
[I'm not sure why this Maine seed company is not on Ms. LeBlanc's
"favorite" list. It's on my boss's favorite list, because her
husband is on the board of directors. Johnny's was the first seed company I
ever heard of that actually promoted open-pollinated seeds to its customers.]
"The Johnny's catalogue is beautiful, filled with color photos of
vegetables, herbs, and flowers that can be grown from their seeds. Johnny's
also features a good tool selection, books, and extensive cultural
information. In recent years, the selection of heirloom varieties has
increased dramatically."
Nichols Garden Nursery
Albany OR
1-541-928-9280
Free catalog
Pinetree Garden Seeds
New Gloucester ME
1-207-926-3400
www.superseeds.com
Free catalog
Seeds of Change
Santa Fe NM
1-888-762-7333
www.seedsofchange.com
Free catalog
Shepherd's Garden Seeds
Torrington CT
1-860-482-3638
Free catalog
www.shepherdseeds.com
Tomato Growers Supply
Fort Myers FL
1-888-478-7333
www.tomatogrowers.com
Free catalog
Vermont Bean Seed Co
Vaucluse SC
1-803-663-0217
fax 1-888-500-7333
Free catalog
"Vermont Bean Seed Company began as a tiny source for fresh and dry bean
seeds, and has grown into a much larger company offering full selections of
vegetables and herbs, including rare, hard-to-find, and European varieties. It
offers a limited number of flower varieties and recommends the Seymour's
Selected Seeds catalog for a larger selection.
Vesey's Seeds
Calais ME [Canadian border]
1-902-368-7333
FAX 1-207-555-1620
SMALL TO TINY
Allen, Sterling & Lodirup
191 U.S. Route I
Falmouth ME 04105
1-207-781-4142
$1 catalog Est. 1911
"Maine's oldest seed company specializes in older, open-pollinated
varieties of flowers and vegetables. The catalogue is simple, straightforward
in black-and-white.
The company's main focus is in seed racks, available in more than 100
locations in Maine,"
Fox Hollow Herb & Seed Heirloom Seed Co. *Favorite*
Box 148
McGrann PA 16236
1-888-548-SEED
$1 catalog
"Fox Hollow is still a family-operated business. Since they only
advertise by word-of-mouth, I only recently discovered them. Fox Hollow offers
a broad selection of open-pollinated vegetables, herbs, and flowers. They
carry lots of Heirloom varieties, including some unique tomato varieties.
Their black-and-white catalogue is filled with good cultural
information."
High Mowing Organic Seed Farm
Tom Stears
RD #1
Derby Line VT 05830
$.50 catalog
1-802-895-4696
Le Jardin du Gourmet
Box 75
St. Johnsbury VT 05863-0075
Free catalog
"The really nice feature of Le Jardin is the seed packet sizing. It is
possible to buy a sample of seed for only 25 cents..."
Peters Seed and Research
Box 1472
Myrtle Creek OR 97457
1-541-8863-3693
Salt Spring Seeds *Favorite*
Box 444, Ganges
Salt Spring Island BC V8K 2WI CANADA
Free catalog
"Salt Spring Seeds offers only certified organic seeds for food crops.
The emphasis is on high-protein, good-tasting, and high yielding crops. The
selection of GRAINS, particularly hull-less wheat and barley, is extensive.
All the varieties are adapted to northern areas. The Salt Spring seed
catalogue is put together simply, and filled with extensive cultural and
seed-saving information. I've found Salt Spring to be very prompt and
personal!"
Territorial Seed Co
Cottage Grove OR
1-541-942-9547
www.territorial-seed.com
Free catalog
OTHER SEED SOURCES
(small companies and historical preservation foundations,
etc.)
Abundant Life
Port Townsend WA
1-360-385-5660
http://csf.Colorado.EDU/perma/abundant/
"A non-profit organization dedicated to preserving genetic diversity and
supporting sustainable agriculture."
Alfrey Seeds
Knoxville TN
(mostly hot peppers)
Eastern Native Seed Conservancy
Great Barrinton MA
www.berkshir.net/ensc/seedmain.html
"A non-profit organization dedicated to preserving food crops native to
the Northeast."
Garden State Heirloom Seed Society
Delaware NJ 07833
1-908-475-4861
"An heirloom seed saving and educational group."
Heirloom Seed Project *Favorite*
Seed-Savers Program, MVHS
Box 309
Waldoboro ME 04572
Free catalog (donations accepted)
School: 1-207-832-5389
"The seed catalogue is the result of seed-saving that is part of the
second and third year program in Practical Botany Class offered at the Medomak
Valley High School. The students research the history of each heirloom
variety, the seeds are carefully grown out, and the resulting seeds are
saved."
Kids in Bloom
Box 344
Zionsville IN 46077
317-290-6996
"An inner-city education program using land reclaimed after buildings are
razed. Children grow and harvest produce for their families and others in need
and harvest much of their own seed!"
ME. Seed Saving Network *Favorite*
Box 126
Penobscot ME 04476
"MSSN is a non-profit, publicly supported and
membership-supported organization serving the needs and interests of farmers
and gardeners who are growing and saving seeds in our region. Membership
includes the newsletter, articles of interest, the catalogue of seed
offerings, and notification of activities. Seeds are offered by savers from
all across Maine, and may be obtained either from the catalogue, or at the
annual Swap held in March each year.
Old Sturbridge Village
Heirloom Seeds and Plants
1 Old Sturbridge Village Road
Sturbridge MA 01566
1-508-347-3362
www.osv.org
"Seeds harvested from the 1830's era gardens at Old Sturbridge Village.
Seeds are available by mail; plants, books and gifts are available at the
Museum Gift Shop at the Village."
The Pepper Gal
Ft Lauderdale FL
1-305-537-5540
(Lots of peppers)
Scatterseed Project
Box 1167
Farmington NE 04938
"Special mention goes to Will Bonsall for his extensive efforts to save
vegetable, GRAIN, and fruit cultivars. He offers his seeds and grafts, usually
around 1,500 varieties, exclusively through Seed Savers Exchange of which Will
is a curator. He grows 500 varieties of PEAS and 300 varieties of POTATOES to
maintain diversity within these important food crops.
Seed Savers Exchange **Favorite**
3076 N. Winn Rd Decorah IA 52101
1-319-382-5990
fax 1-319-382-5872
free catalog to members ($25)
"Members receive reduced seed prices. The SSE
offers rare and heirloom vegetable seeds from seed savers all across the ***US
and abroad.*** Roughly 8,000 members worldwide are working to rescue
endangered vegetables, fruits, flowers, and fruit trees from extinction and to
maintain this vast pool of genetic diversity. The recently gathered
collections from EASTEN EUROPEAN countries represent some of the most
important areas of agriculture as yet untouched by modern agricultural
methods."
Southern Exposure Seed Exchange
Box 170
Earlysville VA 22936
1-804-973-4703
"'Saving the past for the future,' Southern Exposure offers a full line
of vegetables including many heirlooms."
Thomas Etty, Esq.
Seedsman, Bulb Merchant *Favorite*
45, Forde Ave., Bromley
Kent BRI 3EU ENGLAND
020 8466-6785
Cataloge 1 pound sterling
"Seeds from the Henry Doubleday Foundation gardens, Thomas Eyys,
Seedsman, are offered through their catalogue and through Seed Savers
Exchange. "
Twin Leaf
The Thomas Jefferson Center
For Historic Plants at Monticello
Box 316, Charlottesville VA 22902
FAX 1-804-977-6140
www.monticellow.org/shop
"Seeds harvested from the historic gardens of Monticello, established in
1987." [Jefferson was President of the United States around 1800, and was
extensively involved with agriculture and agricultural improvements. He said,
"I think our nation shall remain virtuous as long as it remains primarily
agrarian..." Maybe he was right.]
Other India Press
admin@oibs.ibom.ernet.in
(not so sure this is correct)
They have Vandana Shiva's book "The Seed Keepers" and also
'"Rapid Clonal Multiplication of Rice Seed. A field Guide" by Indian
Society for Rural Gene Banks.
It says this simple 14 page manual tells you how you can multiply thousands of
seeds from a single rice seed. Essential for those interested in multiplying
traditional varieties of paddy. (contributed by Labangalatika dd).
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Sacred
Cows Are Wily Too; Just Try Catching One
From: Jadranka Schauer nimfapromet@zg.tel.hr
Subject: Re: New York Times article
Date: Tuesday, December 01, 1998 12:18 PM
From New York Times on the web
NEW DELHI JOURNAL October 21, 1998
Sacred Cows Are Wily Too; Just Try Catching One
Related Article
Growth Called Threat to Delhi's Grace (April 1, 1988)
By BARRY BEARAK
NEW DELHI -It takes eight men to capture a street-smart
cow, so the municipal cow catchers of New Delhi must squeeze together tightly in
the cab of their cattle truck. There are two parts to their important job and
only one is easy: finding the cows. Getting the beasts into the truck is where
these workers really earn their $119 a month.
It is estimated that 40,000 cows wander the streets of this city, and most seem
well informed of their sacred status. They are a study in nonchalance, slowly
crossing a highway or, as many prefer, relaxing in the right-turn lane of a busy
intersection.
The 100 or so cow catchers employed by the city have always thought their
occupation a merciful one, saving sanctified creatures from a run-in with a
front bumper.
"It is necessary if misunderstood work," said Raman Kumar Sharma, a
crew chief. "Sometimes people do not realize we have the cow's best
interests at heart. We've had violence with the crowds. "
But these days, their mission has taken on added urgency because the urban cow
has encountered a vicious new enemy: the plastic garbage bag. With little grass
to graze on in the paved cityscape, cows scavenge through trash that is
increasingly packed into polyethylene.
New Delhi's animal rights groups have recently begun campaigns against the
lethal packaging. Table scraps may be fine fodder, they say, but the plastic
wrapping is not digestible in any of the cows' four famous stomachs. They want
use of the garbage bags banned, though as yet this appears unlikely. In modem
India, the utility of the garbage bag may be a force beyond even the
spirituality of the cow.
"Inside the cows we find glass, iron, wire, electrical cords, shoes, shirts
and razor blades, but the real killer is the plastic," said Dr. Vijay
Chaudry, a veterinarian who runs a refuge where the cow catchers deliver the
caught cows. "We lose two or three cows a day, and when we cut them open it
is terrible what we find. For an animal so sacred, they die a bad death."
Cows are as common to big-city India as bright lights are to Broadway, and
revered though they may be, most live the life of vagrants. They are either
unwanted animals, turned out because they are old and dry, or milk producers
belonging to city dwellers who do not feed them.
"Cows that are still productive belong to people who think, 'Why should I
feed this cow, when the cow can feed itself"' said Shamia, 36, a bureaucrat
whose official title is milk tax inspector. "These owners sometimes chase
us when we take their cows.
"I tell you, there are many difficulties to this work. Old cows are tired
and sick, and these are easy to catch. Young, healthy cows, well, this is
something else. The cow is quick. The cow is intelligent. The cow has learned to
recognize our truck."
Hindus venerate the cow as a symbol of motherhood and a giver of life. It is
certainly the mainstay of rural India, providing milk and pulling carts, Dried
cow dung is the slow-burning cooking fuel favored by most village households. It
also makes a good hard floor.
Cow slaughter - sometimes a volatile, violence-provoking issue here -is banned
in most of India's 27 states, though there is no shortage of juicy steaks for
those who can afford them. Beef is sold on the black market, and butchers
casually deliver their prime cuts door to door.
This not-so-surreptitious killing is rarely discussed in a nation where the
hallowed cow seems quaintly familiar on boulevards that are otherwise
overpopulated with smoke-belching rattletraps.
For the cow catcher, the animal's high approval rating is a problem.
As a crowd gathers, more people are always rooting for the cow than the catcher.
There is little use in talking to spectators about plastic bags and clogged
digestive tracts.
"Why don't you quit torturing the poor animal!" a man called out as
Sharma's crew took on its toughest challenge of the day, a horned, formidable
looking white brute.
Stealth is the cow catcher's principal tactic. Once a rope has been slipped onto
the animal's head, the techniques of the rodeo cowboy usually work - the
headlock, the twisting, the tugging.
"If you grab the ears and put your hand in its mouth, the cow won't
run," said Aji Ram, at 60 the most veteran of the crew. "Then
someone's got to hold on to the tail. "When the catchers sneaked up on her,
the big white cow had been enjoying the garbage beside a vegetable stand along
busy Okhala Road. Another, more alert animal had just bolted away, recognizing
the green rust bucket that serves as the cow catcher's truck. She then agilely
ran up a steep slope, eventually taking sanctuary in a taxi stand.
The white cow, however, had carelessly allowed herself to be roped and there was
little else for her do but use Gandhian tactics of civil disobedience. Whenever
the catchers shoved her near the ramp of their truck, the beast went limp. If
they wanted her so badly, they would have to carry her.
For 45 minutes, the catchers used all their wiles. When these failed, they used
their poles, slipping the wooden prods under the animal and hitting her belly.
At the same time, Aji Ram pulled the tail, Suresh Chand pushed the flank. Radha
Krishna slapped the butt.
Sharma himself, dressed in a well pressed blue shirt, never touched the cow, but
he did survey the crowd, which was ready to declare the animal the winner.
"I don't think we catch this cow," Sharma said, calling off the
struggle.
Anyway, they already had eight cows in their truck, a good enough bounty for
three hours' work,. The animals were then driven to the city's outskirts and set
free in a gosadan, a sort of a shelter for homeless cows.
There, they could chew their cuds in relative tranquility, and while their diet
may neither be as varied or as tasty as human garbage, it would again be
plastic-free.
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Animal Traction
Contacts
From: Hare.Krsna.dasi@com.bbt.se
Subject: [Fwd: Ox Yokes in Zambia, India, Bangladesh]
Hi everyone,
I am accompanying my husband to a conference in Turkey in early September and
wonder whether anyone has contacts there who are doing research on animal
traction. My interests lie in primary health care of donkeys, horses and oxen
used for traction and transport in urban and rural areas.
I have heard that animal traction is used extensively in Turkey. From Turkey I
shall be visiting Southern Italy and then (hopefully!) France.
Best regards
Cheryl McCrindle BVSC PhD
Associate Professor, Dept Production Animal Medicine
Faculty of Veterinary Science, Medunsa, South Africa
Dear Mrs. McCrindle!
I don't know anyone in Turkey but I know some addresses in
Italy and France. I am working on my PhD-Thesis concerning efficiency of modern
horse drawn implements for organic farming in Germany (and thankful for any
contact to others working in that field!).
Addresses to contact for France:
Sylvie Lafontaine; F-25430 Belvoir; Tel.:81863226
Jean-Jacques Marquart; F-54570 Trondes; Tel.: 383638560;
Leader of ARTAP (Association de recherches sur la traction animale et le
portage)
PROMNIATA (Promotion du Materiel Moderne a Traction
Animale); 2 Ariege; F-09420 Rimont; Tel.: 61963660
Addresses in Italy:
Mipe Viviani snc, Officine meccaniche; Loc. Pian del
Casone; I-53035 Monteriggioni (SI); Tel.: 0577 / 304069 or 304070, Fax: 0577 /
304070;
They built modem horse-drawn machinery and maybe they know about scientists in
Italy working on DAP
Prof. Massimo Zoli, Dr. Francesco Garbati Pegna;
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Agraria e Forestale; Universita degli Studi di
Firenze, P.zle
delle Cascine 15, I-50144 Firenze
Peter Dipl.-Biol. (MSc.) Peter Herold
Universitet Gesamthochschule Kassel Fachbereich Landwirtschaft, Internationale
Agrarentwicklung und kologische Umweltsicherung
Fachgebiet kologischer Landbau Nordbahnhofstr. la
D-37213 Witzenhausen Deutschland
Tel.: 0049 / 05542 / 98-1527
0049 / 05542 / 98-1565
Fax: 0049 / 05542 / 98-1568
e-mail: herold@wiz.uni-kassel.de
www: http://www.wiz.uni-kassel.de/foel/index.html
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Evaluation
of Fiscal Year 98
INCOME
| CONTRIBUTIONS |
$29,116.84 |
| FEED REIMBURSEMENT |
$ 3,151.02 |
| STRAW BALE REIMBURSEMENT |
$5,840.00 |
| CONSULTATION SERVICES |
$1,200.00 |
| TOTAL |
$39,313.86 |
Thank you for your help in fixing the barn roof after the
tornado destroyed most of it. Also, thank you for contributing to the beginning
of the Ox-Power Herb Company. You may look at the ISCOWP Update on page 10 to
read the details of these two endeavors.
Since we are mostly caring for New Vrndavana's cows and oxen, we were reimbursed
for feed and also partially for services rendered in the form of consultation to
New Vrndavana's cow program.
In our last issue we described the basement completion of our straw bale home.
Baladeva, our son, has been in charge of its construction and has now fully
reimbursed ISCOWP for the 1997 and 1998 construction expenses. Thanks to his
service, we are now all living here at Vrajapura Farm in the finished basement.
EXPENSES (Total:$29,100.24)
|
Vrajapura Farm
Development |
|
ANIMAL |
$ 4,081.52 |
|
AUTOMOBILE MAINT/GAS |
$ 2,779.52 |
|
BARN CONSTRUCTION |
$ 5,052.41 |
|
EQUIPMENT |
$ 459.77 |
|
FENCING |
$ 919.71 |
|
LAND PURCHASE |
$ 1,580.94 |
|
OX POWER HERB COMPANY |
$ 3,119.39 |
|
STRAW BALE CONSTRUCTION |
$ 810.91 |
|
UTILITIES |
$ 676.75 |
|
WATER DEVELOPMENT |
$ 350.00 |
|
TOTAL |
$19,830.92 |
We are presently protecting 25 cows and oxen at Vrajapura Farm. Animal expenses
reflect feed and vet expenses. We installed a complete water system in 1997
enabling us to properly care for the animals throughout the year. We had a
little more work done on this system this year.
Another project continued from 1997 was the construction of the basement to our
straw bale home. We moved into this dwelling in September 1998 and we incurred a
few more expenses for its construction at that time. The expense has been
reimbursed (see full reimbursement in INCOME).
Fencing is yet another ongoing project, started in 1997 with all the fencing
materials donated by Vanamali Pandit Prabhu. Since we now have 137 acres with
most of the fencing being barbed wire and in poor condition, we are foreseeing a
lot of hand labor to be done. All fencing that we install is of high tensile
wire, not barb wire. The fencing expense reflects labor by Gurukulis.
As reported in our Spring 1998 issue, ISCOWP has expanded
to 137 acres. The land expense reflects a small portion of that purchase. Also,
we have been working on refurbishing the barn and improving the grounds
surrounding the barn. (described in detail on page 10, ISCOWP Update).
The Ox Power Herb Company development was begun in 1998 with the clearing and
filling of the site for the processing building and the road construction to and
from the building. Clearing the garden site of rose bushes has begun also. As
you can see by looking at the final balance there is money left over from the
campaign to continue on with the campaign in 1999. For now we will mostly be
clearing and planting part of the herb garden and building a drying shed. Please
refer to page 10, ISCOWP Update, for more details.
|
Membership Development |
|
FUND RAISING |
$ 1,081.17 |
|
NEWSLETTER printing & postage |
$ 1,730.28 |
|
PHONE, INTERNET |
$ 1,806.35 |
|
PHOTOS |
$ 120.00 |
|
T-SHIRTS |
$ 576.00 |
|
TRAVEL |
$ 520.34 |
|
TOTAL |
$ 5,833.88 |
The ISCOWP News, which now comes out 3 times a year, has been published since
1990. It provides news of ISCOWP activities and educational information in
regards to providing cow protection for individuals as well as organizations.
The other means of communication and education are the ISCOWP COW conference
(cow@com.bbt.se) on which we and the other COW members formulated the Minimum
Cow Standards, and our newly developing WEB page, http://www.angelfire.com/co/
iscowp. We can be reached at iscowp@ovnet.com
, or iscowp@com.bbt.se . However many of
our members cannot be reached by e-mail but by phone only.
Consultation for various cow protection facilities is provided through e-mail,
phone, and travel to said facilities. By helping other facilities, more cows and
oxen can be protected than can possibly be protected at Vrajapura Farm alone.
Part of the consultation services is to train and maintain communication with
persons either beginning or maintaining such facilities. In addition, land use,
working out management problems, etc., are part of the consultation services and
necessary to ensure the proper atmosphere for cow protection.
|
Administration |
|
OFFICE, TAX PREP, BANK CHARGES |
$1,219.94 |
|
WAGES |
$2,215.50 |
|
TOTAL |
$3,435.44 |
The wages reflect what ISCOWP paid Balabhadra and Chayadevi for their services.
Balabhadra acquired a full time night job in November of 1998. Now for the first
time we will have some reliable personal income even though it is considered on
the poverty level. But since we live simply, cook a lot, grow some of our food,
our expenses are low and a little goes a long way.
Back
to index of this issue

Thank
you for Contributing During the Fiscal Year 1998
(1/98 - 12/98)
|
PATRONS
($5,000.00 $1,000-00) |
|
Gour Govinda d 9
Sita dd (The Davidson Family) |
$5,000.00 |
|
ISKCON of West
Virginia |
$4,357.02 |
|
Vanamali Pandit d
(The Mody Family) |
$4,000.00 |
|
Shastra d (Scott
From) |
$1,612.00 |
|
Vrajabhadhu dd
(Marie Pritakel) |
$1,540.00 |
|
Anuttama d Q
Rukmini dd (The Walker Family) |
$1,500.00 |
|
Labangalatika dd
(Mrs. Malik) |
$1,450.00 |
|
Kanina d &
Arjuna d (Quinn Family) |
$1,029.00 |
|
Malati dd |
$1,000.00 |
|
Saraswati dd
(Betty Woodhouse) |
$1,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
ASSOCIATES
($999.00 $500.00) |
|
Ram Paliwal MD.in
honor of father Dhannalal Paliwal |
$
950.00 |
|
Kamalash &
Arti Shah |
$
781.00 |
|
David Thiessen |
$
500.00 |
|
Dharma Vidya d
& Nama Priya dd. (Grant Family) |
$
500.00 |
|
Tulasi d.(John
West) |
$
500.00 |
|
|
|
|
GUARANTORS
($499.00 $200.00) |
|
Stephen Sorra |
$
480.00 |
|
Amala Bhakta d |
$
410.00 |
|
Doug Carlton |
$
450.00 |
|
Giriraj d (Ramos
Family) |
$
393.00 |
|
Janesa d (George
Willmon) |
$
344.00 |
|
Pavamana d &
Sampada dd (McCloud Family) |
$
331.00 |
|
Maha Mantra d
(David Fuller) |
$
300.00 |
|
Jack Baldwin
& Kunti dd DePoo |
$
270.00 |
|
Mary Goerke |
$
263.00 |
|
Ramiya d &
Ananta dd (Maier Family) |
$
251.00 |
|
Lorraine Dove |
$
250.00 |
|
Madhukanta d
& Ann (Searight Family) |
$
216.00 |
|
Parampadam d (Kenn
Perry) |
$
200.00 |
|
|
|
|
SUPPORTERS
($199.00 $99.00) |
|
Pusti dd (Connie
Humphrey) |
$
195.00 |
|
Jim & Theresa
Devine |
$
158.00 |
|
Henry Schoallkoph |
$
150.00 |
|
Ram & Aruna
Singhania |
$
135.00 |
|
Srimate Radharani |
$
135.00 |
|
Thakur Haridas d
& Kalindi dd (Chavez Family) |
$
111.92 |
|
Shakti Canapatni
Subramanian & Suzanne Hopkins |
$
110.00 |
|
A. Gopal
Krishna.(Advocate BABI) |
$
108.00 |
|
Anthony, Rawtee,
Omah, & Sapna Lutchman |
$
108.00 |
|
Amrita dd &
Rasamanjari dd (Anne Kellogg & Marilyn Stein) |
$
108.00 |
|
Bhad.ranga d
& Hladini Sakti dd.(Sherman Family) |
$
108.00 |
|
B.H. Arthur &
L. McCaskey |
$
108.00 |
|
Brij Lata Agawal |
$
108.00 |
|
Dan Duar |
$
108.00 |
|
Devarsi d &
Nirmala dd (The Eldridge Family) |
$
108.00 |
|
Edna Galicia
& William Vidal |
$
108.00 |
|
Ethel
Dobson.(Bhabarhishmati dd) |
$
108.00 |
|
Hansa Chagan |
$
108.00 |
|
Kimberly Smith |
$
108.00 |
|
Mahash &
Kashmira Sutaria |
$
108.00 |
|
Padma Malini
Smith |
$
108.00 |
|
Ramanbhai S.
Patel |
$
108.00 |
|
R.K. Dhingra M.D |
$
108.00 |
|
Rory Alden |
$
108.00 |
|
Saranagati dd
(Sarah Schofield) |
$
108.00 |
|
Suresvara d &
Katayani dd (Hall Family) |
$
108.00 |
|
Vidyananda d
& Kirtida Kanyaka dd (Halvorson Family) |
$
108.00 |
|
Vinod C, Pramila
Vig |
$
108.00 |
|
BTG Service
Center |
$
106.00 |
|
Isabelle Haas |
$
105.00 |
|
ISKCON of Port
Royal |
$
100.00 |
|
Mahatma Hira
Dinanath |
$
100.00 |
|
Sadananda
d.(Staphan Knuappel) |
$
100.00 |
|
Suryaram R. &
Sushila S.Joshi |
$
100.00 |
|
Atmarama das
(Bernard Faustino) |
$
99.00 |
|
|
|
|
CONTRIBUTORS
($99.00 $50.00) |
|
Isabelle Haas |
$
89.00 |
|
Gayle Janzen |
$
70.00 |
|
Daruka d (David
Corcoran) |
$
63.00 |
|
Jayapatni Gopi dd
(Duncan Family) |
$
55.95 |
|
Bharati &
Nikhil Joshi |
$
51.00 |
|
Tarabhai Bhoot |
$
51.00 |
|
Anand &
Pratima Shah |
$
50.00 |
|
Gail Toby |
$
50.00 |
|
Harinama Mink |
$
50.00 |
|
Muniyappa
Venkatesha |
$
50.00 |
|
|
|
|
DONORS
($49.00 $30.00) |
|
Paula Gentsch |
$
46.00 |
|
Rupanuga d &
Jayanti dd.(Robinson Family) |
$
46.00 |
|
Ankottha d &
Gopinatha dd |
$
42.00 |
|
Puspha H. Govind
in memory of late husband Hasmukhal Govind |
$
32.00 |
|
Kurt Mausert |
$
31.00 |
|
Chris & Paula
Baymiller |
$
30.00 |
|
|
|
|
SUBSCRIBERS
($29.00 $16.00) |
|
Rangavati d Q
Jitari dd (The Heintz family) |
$
27.00 |
|
Lanny Greenberg |
$
25.00 |
|
Mukunda Datta d
& Krsnavesa dd.(Tandy Family |
$
25.00 |
|
Robin Parmley |
$
25.00 |
|
Bob Roberts |
$
23.00 |
|
H.H. Chandravali
Swami |
$
22.00 |
|
Charrans Mahadeo |
$
21.00 |
|
Jodi Allmon |
$
21.00 |
|
Kaivalya d S
Monorama dd (Mahajan.Family) |
$
21.00 |
|
Sri Svarupa dd
(Elizabeth Solomon) |
$
21.00 |
|
Vandana dd
(Teresa Cronin) |
$
21.00 |
|
Akilananda d.(Al
Fitch) |
$
20.00 |
|
A.roon & Lily
Chaddha |
$
20.00 |
|
Namath Nayak |
$
20.00 |
|
Ramananda d (Ron
Castillo) |
$
20.00 |
|
Rene Waisvisz |
$
20.00 |
|
|
|
|
FRIENDS
($15.00 $8.00) |
|
Ann Jackson |
$
15.95 |
|
Brajendrala Mukya
dd (Miriam Tassinare) |
$
15.95 |
|
Carolina
Constantine |
$
15.00 |
|
Erik r. Karin
Hazalhoff |
$
15.00 |
|
Rene Waisvisz |
$
15.00 |
|
Shobha &
Narendra Shah |
$
11.00 |
|
D.ristadhyuma d
(James McDonough) |
$
10.95 |
|
Dulales dd.(Grace
Allen) |
$
10.00 |
|
M. Grogan |
$
10.00 |
|
Nirguna d &
Vijaya dd |
$
10.00 |
|
Bir Laksman d (Darly
Nauyokas) |
$
9.00 |
|
Arvind &
Nidhi Sharma |
$
5.25 |
This annual report is dated from 1/98 to 12/98. In the
past years it was dated from February of one year to March of the next year.
This always made it quite difficult to do an annual report since everyone is
geared to report their taxes from the beginning of the year to the end of the
year. This report may have some overlapping from the previous annual report, but
from now on everything should fall into place nicely.
Since we incorporated ISCOWP in March, we thought it proper to begin each annual
financial report from that point in the year. Looking back on the original
incorporation papers we have read that the government gave us the fiscal year
beginning at the beginning of each year and ending on the last month of the
year. So, preparing the report from the first month to the last month will be
easier and more in-tuned with governmental concerns. Also, We will try to begin
each annual fund raising campaign as close to the beginning of each year and
closing at the end of each year. That way, the annual report will include the
campaign results.
Back
to index of this issue

ISCOWP
Update
Ministry for Cow Protection and Agriculture
Last year, with the help of the members of the cow conference, The Minimum
Cow Standards were written. A month ago the standards were passed as ISKCON law.
Now, at least in ISKCON, there are basic standards as to how to care properly
for cows within a cow protection facility.
We are presently dealing with various problems of cow care on various ISKCON
farms and the standards as law has helped tremendously to convince others as to
the proper cow care. Although many similarities are there, some differences in
care exist in a cow protection facility in comparison to a cow facility where
slaughter is an accepted practice.
Ox-Power Herb Company Campaign

Dirk Vansant (from Belgium) is training with Agni
and Shyam by removing fallen tree limbs from the garden area designated for the
Ox Power Herb Company
Establishing the Ox-Power Herb Company to support ISCOWP's ox-power training
and cow protection work is a major step to forming a future for ISCOWP which is
not totally dependent on your donations. Now that we have our own land to
develop solely for the purpose of supporting ISCOWP activities, the goal is to
develop it in a way that will provide LONG TERM support that is a showcase of
self-sufficient activities based on the land and oxen.
The 1998 campaign (12/97-12/98) for the Ox Power Herb Company enabled us to hire
a contractor who cleared and levelled the site for the Ox Power Herb Company
processing building. Also, the driveway into the farm was widened and expanded
to circle the old house. This way there are two means of access to the process
building site. Gravel was brought in and laid on both roads. At this time we
need to lay more gravel, as the original gravel has settled.
An old wash house was on the site where we plan to place the processing
building. Actually there was a lot of garbage with it also. It took a great deal
of work by Balabhadra to break down the wash house and clear the garbage and
then clear the surrounding rose bushes and debris.
Actually, the contractor (John Hart) told us that we should wait 5 years to
build on this site. The earth must settle properly, so that there is a stable
earth foundation for the building. With this in mind we will build a drying shed
this year which is to be eventually attached to the processing building.
Since we had some emergencies with a tornado destroying some of our barn, much
of our energy and some of our funds got cycled into the barn to maintain it for
the cows. It was also a more severe winter this year than last and we realized
some inadequacies in the barn and immediate surrounding area that needed
attention and care. But more on the barn later.
A 3/4 acre area above the house was plowed last fall and will be ready to plant
this Spring (real soon). The area by the side of the house is in the process of
being cleared. It is a 2 acre area and we figure we can clear a 3/4 acre area.
Remember this area is infested with rose bushes. It is also not on flat land,
but on a, slight hill. So landscaping the garden will not be in the traditional
manner of entirely straight rows. Vegetables and herbs will be planted in both
areas.
We thank you all (see donors listing on page 8 & 9) for contributing to the
beginning of establishing long term support for ISCOWP.
The Barn: New Campaign

Agni likes the new feeding aisle in the barn at
Vrajapura Farm.
We thank all of you for contributing to fixing the roof on
the barn. It is 95% fixed. All the tin and materials have been purchased from
donations that came in for the roofs repair.
This past year of 1998 has seen more improvements on the barn. Balabhadra has
put siding on 3 sides of the barn, the side facing the silo is half completed.
Now the barn is mostly enclosed on 3 sides. Before it was open on 4 sides except
for some rusty tin nailed on parts of one side.
Balabhadra completed the extensive floor system in the barn so that hay and
equipment can now be stored in the barn. The materials both for the siding and
the floor were mostly recycled from old barns that Balabhadra took down at the
request of their owners.
Sliding doors have been installed at the front of the barn and cement and a
drain have been laid by the silo area where the cows were once belly deep in mud
during the rainy wet times. A feeding aisle has been built in the barn which
provides more efficient use of the hay.
We have additional plans for the barn to make it more efficient. This winter we
realized the practical situation in keeping 24 cows at the barn. We need to lay
some cement in certain areas to minimize the mud. Especially at the feeding area
where the large bales are fed out and at the back of the barn. Where the large
bales are fed out, the cows are knee deep in mud during wet times. At the back
of the barn, a retaining wall has to be built to secure the cement fill. Also,
Balabhadra wants to finish the siding, and roof.
In short, due to necessity we were forced to use some of the funds you donated
for the Ox Power Herb Company for repairing and upgrading of the barn.
Approximately $5,052.41 was spent on materials and the contractor. This does not
include labor which was extensive due to the labor intensive nature of the barn
improvements done by Balabhadra. And due to the obvious need of more
improvements for the barn and the comfort of the cows, this year's campaign will
be centered on barn improvements. Soon we will be asking for your help to
further improve the conditions of the cows. Thank you in advance.

Balabhadra is training both Dirk Vansant (leading
Vraja & Gita) and Krsna Balaram (from New Vrndavana and sitting on the disk)
how to disk the field that was plowed last fall. The field was plowed and then
cow manure from the barn was spread over it. The manure is now being turned into
the soil by disking
ISCOW Member Update
Paramesvari dasi and Maha-ratha das, founders of Gopala, Inc. in Serbia,
have been living in Novi Sad and are now being bombed by the NATO forces.
Paramesvari and her children, except Maha-ratha, have fled to Hungary. The last
we heard through e-mail from Maha-ratha was that he was still in Belgrade. We
will keep you all in touch as to how their lives are unfolding. Please pray for
their safety.

Paramesvari dd, Surabhi and members of Gopala
practicing cow protection in Serbia during better times.
Bhakta Dave Hunt, who trained with Balabhadra for about 1
1/2 years as a recipient of the Train a Teamster Campaign, is buying the two
parcels bordering us with the intention of developing his life around the oxen
and land. He will be working cooperatively with ISCOWP in this endeavor. Due to
economic pressures, he will continue to work in Baltimore and come here when he
can to develop his property. When he has enough money to build a house, he will
then move here.

Dave Hunt trained with Balabhadra a few years ago and is now
buying the 2 parcels next to us
Bhakta Dirk Vansant is here from Belgium for a period of 3
months. He is training under Balabhadra to become an ox teamster and is
acquiring other useful knowledge for developing food production. Balabhadra
trains Dirk along with Krsna Balaram das, a devotee living here at New Vrndavana.

Balabhadra instructs Dirk Vansant from Belgium in
the first principles of logging. Agni and Shyam are hauling a log down the road
to Vrajapura Farm.
Labangaltika dd in Raigad, India, an expert on Homeopathic
remedies for cows, writes: " I have just returned from Delhi where I went
at the government's invitation, courtesy of Laxmi Narain Modi, to a National
Symposium on Sustainable Agriculture, and I got to speak, for about 10 minutes
on Cows and Homeopathy. The Minister of Agriculture was there and many
government policy makers, scientists and so on. They are now interested in the
farmer's traditional skills as the Green revolution has withered away. I met a
lot of people with whom I'll keep in touch."

Labangalatika dasi's herd is heading home (Raigad, India) led by
Gaura.
Unfortunately the government has decided to build an
expressway from Mumbai to Goa right through our land, 100 meters wide. The
survey just missed the cowshed. People are losing whole mango orchards and
homes. It benefits no one, only the multinationals who have come over here to
try to exploit India."
Removing the Milk House

Balabhadra is burning the remains of the milk house.
As you known it has been a constant determined effort to
clean up the property which we bought and now call Vrajapura Farm. Part of the
effort to clean up is removing the old milk house, which has been an obvious
eyesore. The first step was collecting the thousands of empty milk jugs left
inside the building. Then Balabhadra removed the insulation inside the building.
The really gratifying work was to remove the upper structure by attaching chains
to it and pulling with Baladeva's truck. Most of the remains have been burned
and the rest will be burned in the near future.
This leaves a cement brick foundation. We have several ideas as to how to
proceed, one is to build a workshop on top, We still have tons of manure to
remove from inside the foundation as the cows used to go in there to find
shelter before the barn was enclosed.
Back
to index of this issue

The
Village System of Cow Protection
From an article by Shri Venishankar M. Vasu, published by Viniyog
Parivar Trust
Two Types of Grazing Lands
Grazing lands were of two types: one belonging to the State which was
protected, the other for the common people and open for all. The cattle from the
village used to graze in these open grazing lands throughout the year. For the
young calves or for the old and sick animals who could not go to the grazing
lands, people would cut the grass from such grazing lands and bring it home for
feeding such animals. Thus cattle used to get free fodder. In the protected
forests the grazing was not allowed for common animals throughout the year.
Grass in the common grazing lands used to last till March, April and when it was
exhausted by this time, the State used to open up its grazing lands for animals
of the village. If the need to open up these reserved grazing lands did not
arise due to abundance in common grazing lands, the grass in the reserved State
grazing lands was harvested and preserved in large heaps, which was freely made
available in the years of famine or relatively poor years where the grass used
to be in short supply. Such grass heaps also were maintained in each and every
village. In this well thought out and managed system it was not at all difficult
to feed grass to the cattle.
However, cows cannot be fed on grass alone. They need to be fed on cattle feed
also such as deoiled cakes of oil seeds etc., so that their capacity to yield
enough milk, as well as the quality of milk yielded, is maintained at a high
level. It is possible for the affluent or middle class people to feed their cows
with cattle feed. But what about the poor people? Their need for milk is the
same as the need of the affluent and middle class people. To take care of this
aspect and to ensure that their cows also get enough other feeds, the Hindu
religion has laid command to offer "Gogras" whereby each person of the
Society before starting his meal sets aside some portion of his
food for consumption of the cows. "Gograss" is not meant for one's own
cow but it is meant for the wandering cows belonging to the poor people of the
village. Thus each and every family in the village was able to get fresh milk
and pure ghee in sufficient quantities as per their need. Sometimes a family
would consist of only old people or sick people who were unable to look after a
cow. In such cases the neighbors would give milk and ghee freely to such
families.

Cow protection at Vrajapura Farm presents challenges
not found in a warm climate.
The Scheme of Maintaining Stud Bulls
The responsibility of looking after and grazing stud bulls was that of the
herdsman of a village, and the responsibility of providing cattle feed for such
stud bulls was that of the Village Committee. In case a cow fell sick or became
dry, each family would take care of the cow as if it was a family member. But
this could be afforded only by the rich families. For the poor families there
was a system of "Panjrapoles" which was managed by the Village
Committee and would look after the old and incapacitated cows belonging to the
poor section. When cows gave birth to a male calf, the calf was gifted away free
to the farmers, and when a female calf was born it was nurtured in the family
and given away when fully grown into a cow.
Need for Developing the Herdsmen Community
Each family in the village kept cows. This helped in meeting the need for
milk and fuel. If a family was capable of keeping more cows it helped in meeting
the need of the ghee also. However, it was not possible for each and every
family to keep cows in sufficient numbers. And hence a section of the Society
was created in the form of herdsmen (called "Maldhari" in local
language) who kept hundreds to thousands of cows. These herdsmen never stayed
permanently available. After a few days they would move to another place with
their cattle. They did not sell milk but made curd and ghee from the milk and
sold it. They reared the male calves and trained them and thereafter sold them
to the farmers. From amongst the better male calves, they reared some into stud
bulls and gifted them to the Village Committee as and when they needed them.
When a female calf became 3 years old it was mated with a stud bull. The stud
bull of each village was changed every 3 years because if the stud bull remained
longer than 3 years there was a chance of it's mating with its own progeny, and
as a result of consanguinity, the future generation could become weaker.
No Commercialism in the Whole System
In this whole system, the financial viability, or non-viable profit or loss
was
not considered. This system could yield fresh milk, pure ghee, fuel, and good
bullocks for farming as well as transportation for the entire society. Thus the
entire
population was robust and healthy. This was a very useful and essential system
and part of our culture and nationhood.
Back
to index of this issue